The Potential for Nature-Based Solutions Initiatives to Incorporate and Scale Climate Adaptation

Endnotes

  1. 1For example, reforestation in a region that is not experiencing any negative effects of climate change is not an NBS for adaptation measure even if the forests are helping to sequester carbon as part of climate mitigation efforts. Similarly, establishing urban green areas in a city for people’s enjoyment is not NBS for adaptation unless these green areas help reduce the effects of heat waves, rising temperatures, urban flooding, or other threats resulting from climate change. The climate risk must be present or projected, and the NBS activity must be expected to play a role in reducing this risk for it to be considered NBS for adaptation.
  2. 2As part of the effort to reduce bias, authors also visualized results of only Cities4Forests and compared these results with a graph of the other initiatives. Since the top results remained the same or very similar when comparing this initiative with the rest, it seemed safe to proceed with allotting each initiative the same weight of “one point,” or “one voice.”
  3. 3Learn more at Initiative 20x20’s website: https://initiative20x20.org/
  4. 4Find the latest Initiative 20x20 factsheet here: https://initiative20x20.org/restoring-latin-americas-landscapes..
  5. 5Guatemala allocates a preset percentage of its yearly budget, and Costa Rica funds its payment for ecosystem services program through fuel taxes.
  6. 6Learn more at Cities4Forests’ website: https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/cities4forests.
  7. 7Find the latest list of Cities4Forests member cities here: https://www.wri.org/our-work/project/cities4forests.
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